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If you need coverage in the north, you will need to sign up with Bell, Telus, or one of their sub-brands, or get an Ice Wireless SIM once you arrive. Also important to note is that Rogers only has "extended" coverage in the north of Canada (Yukon/Northwest Territory/Nunavut), so you will not have coverage as a prepaid user. As a general rule, Bell and Rogers are stronger in the east and Telus is stronger in the west, but Bell and Telus have implemented RAN sharing, so they can effectively be seen as one network. Extended coverage (meaning Rogers roaming on Bell/Telus, and the reverse) is not available to prepaid customers, while Freedom "Nationwide" coverage (Freedom roaming on any of the big 3) is available on certain prepaid plans. Bell and Telus have also refarmed some 1900 MHz ( B2) to LTE.
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Rogers, Bell, Telus and Freedom additionally support the 2600 MHz ( B7) frequency, which is far more compatible with devices from overseas, but it is usually not deployed throughout the full footprint and is generally confined to the big cities. Real 4G on LTE began some years ago on the Big Three networks on 700 MHz ( B12/13/17) and 1700 MHz ( B4). In Canada, UMTS-based HSPA+ and DC-HSPA+ used to be called "4G". MTS Mobility is limited to the province of Manitoba and SaskTel to Saskatchewan, though they will roam on other networks in other provinces, usually at the same rate as is charged in their home province.
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Most phones will work with at least one of those frequencies and you can ask in store to test before buying. The only exception is Freedom Mobile, where its 3G operates on 1700 MHz AWS band in a limited number of cities.
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If you have signal, chances are you will be getting at least 3G. 4G ( LTE) is widely available on all providers. All operators have 3G ( UMTS) on 850 MHz and 1900 MHz. On 2G ( GSM/EDGE) Rogers is the only provider on 850 MHz and 1900 MHz. In the last few years all networks have moved to the GSM-based technology on 3G and 4G/LTE, CDMA is gone. Upcoming MVNO called dotmobile Frequencies and coverage A list of all providers in Canada can be found here. We skip regional providers like SaskTel and Bell MTS Wireless (Formerly MTS Mobility), that are present only in one Canadian province. This is added by their resellers, subsidiaries and MVNOs like Fido, Virgin Mobile, Koodo, Chatr, Lucky Mobile, 7-Eleven Speak Out / Petro-Canada, and PhoneBox. * Freedom Mobile (Own coverage in BC, Alberta, and Ontario only, Nationwide prepaid plans usable with domestic roaming on the above three providers outside own coverage areas)
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